Every written paper and every presentation you produce during your studies builds on an existing academic discourse as part of which you develop your own position. Your work consists of making it clear which part of your thinking and writing you take from others and which part is your own achievement (see also plagiarism)
The reference to sources used is made in the text (depending on the citation style in brackets in the body text or in the footnote) and in the bibliography and the list of works cited. The formal requirements depend on the citation style. Given the different preferences of the different academic disciplines and traditions, there is a variety of citation rules and styles at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU):
HSLU – Social Work
- APA 7th Edition (without exceptions) see Richtlinien Zitieren und Belegen (MyCampus/with login, in German)
HSLU – Business
- APA 7th Edition (without exceptions) see Eulenskript (in German)
HSLU – Music
- APA 7th Edition (without exceptions; recommendation) see Zitieren mit Stil (in German)
HSLU – Design, Film and Art
- No mandatory style, but consistency is required (choose one style and stick to it).
- Recommendation in the guidelines: abbreviated references in footnotes. There is an internal document. Please consult the DFK library.
HSLU – Engineering and Architecture
- APA 7th Edition (without exceptions): Application to Construction and Building Technology.
- DIN ISO 690 is used in the Architecture, Interior Design, and Engineering departments.
- IEEE (Electrical Engineering) uses abbreviated references in the footnotes.
- Resources:
– Academic Writing in a Swiss University Context
– Eine wissenschaftliche Arbeit schreiben (in German)
HSLU – Computer Science and Information Technology
- No mandatory style, but consistency is required (choose one style and stick to it).
- Recommendations from subject librarians: APA, DIN or Harvard (in SWITCHdrive you will find the „Merkblatt Wissenschaftlichkeit“ of the Department of Computer Science. Sections 7 and 8 deal with bibliography and citation).
Tools for Citation Styles
- Reference management tools at the HSLU allow for automatic formatting of the desired citation style.
- Cite them right online (information and learning platform on different citation styles such as APA, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE and MLA; access inside HSLU network, from outside the network via VPN)
- APA 7 Reference (Style and Grammar Guidelines of APA 7 with many examples – in English)
- Chicago Manual of Style (available online inside the HSLU network)